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Balaban, or balaman〔Музыкальная энциклопедия. (Баламан ). Под ред. Ю. В. Келдыш. Т 1. А — М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1973.〕 ((アゼルバイジャン語:Balaban)) is cylindrical-bore, double-reed wind instrument about long with seven finger holes and one thumb hole. This instrument is played in eastern Azerbaijan in Iran and in the Republic of Azerbaijan. In Turkey it is called ''mey''. Balaban can be made of mulberry or other harder woods, such as walnut. The bore through the instrument is about in diameter. The double reed is made out of a single tube of cane about six cm long and pressed flat at one end. The performer uses air stored in his cheeks to keep playing the balaban while he inhales air into his lungs. This “circular” breathing technique is commonly used with all the double-reed instruments in the Middle East. ==Structure== The balaban consists of a stem, a reed, a regulator, and a cap.〔(Charming Sounds of the Balaban ) by Saadat Abdullayeva〕 The stem of the balaban, or ''govda'', is a cylindrical tube made primarily of apricot wood (sometimes also hazel, pear, mulberry, boxwood, etc.). The process of carving a balaban stem is called ''balaban chakma''. The upper end of the stem (''bash'' or ''kup'') is given a round shape, whereas the lower end (''ayag'') is sharpened. The bore is in diameter. Eight holes or "tones" constituting a "sound tone" (''sas pardasi'') are made on the obverse and another one is made on the bottom side, opposite of the interval between the first and the second holes of the ''sas pardasi''. Sometimes an additional hole called ''nizam pardasi'' is made on the lower end of the bottom side to ensure good timbre.〔 The holes made on the stem are classified as follows:〔 The reed (''gamish'', ''garghy'' or ''dil'') made of club-rush that grows in an arid area is inserted into the upper end. It flattens and takes the shape of a double reed. It is tied to a long and wide regulator (''kharak'', ''boghazlig'', ''boyundurug'', ''ulama'', ''akma'') made of a willow or grape branch cut lengthways. The reed is then fixed by a collar-like regulator on one side and a pivot on the other side. The cap (''qapaq'', ''aghizlig'', ''kip'', ''band'', etc.) made of willow, hazel, cornel or mulberry is put on the reed to prevent it from damage. It is tied to the regulator in order not to be lost.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Balaban (instrument)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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